He was met with strong opposition, but following a Royal Commission completing investigations, the Factory Act of 1833 was passed on 17th July. Shaftesbury placed great importance on education for moral and spiritual reasons, and so his first motive was to limit the time worked by children and young people in factories to ten hours a day. These “apprentices” were worked cruelly in extremely hot conditions, and in the fumes of oil. In some areas with populations of over 100,000, there was not a single public day school for poor children, leading to parents sending their children to work for more than 12 hours a day in factories and mills. Taking over Michael Sadler’s seat in the parliamentary leadership for the campaign for factory reforms and shorter hours of work in January 1833, was where Shaftesbury made his greatest achievements.ĭuring the 1820s and 1830s, factory work was prioritised over education for children. Shaftesbury became one of these commissioners, and went on to become Chairman in 1833. Lord Shaftesbury’s diary entry for February 20th 1828 Following this speech, a Bill transferring powers of lunatic asylums from the College of Physicians to fifteen Metropolitan Commissioners appointed by the Home Secretary, and the condition of private patients having two medical certificates, was passed on 15 July 1828. And so, by God’s blessing, my first effort has been for the advancement of human happiness. “Feb 20th-Last night I ventured to speak, and, God be praised, I did not utterly disgrace myself, though the exhibition was far from glorious but the subject was upon Lunatic Asylums…Gordon had requested me to second his motion… I did not decline, more especially as I had heard that from certain circumstances my support in this affair would render some small service to the cause. Shaftesbury briefly refers to his first speech in his diary: Shaftesbury supported Gordon’s motion, and made his first important speech in Parliament, emphasising the necessity that something should be done in relation to the treatment of the mentally ill, citing several instances that had come within his own awareness. He also pointed out how legislation prevented the College of Physicians of acting on discoveries they had made from the inspections on asylums that they were permitted to conduct. He brought attention to cases of illegal confinement and intimidation of sane persons, as well as neglect and abuse to the mentally ill. On 19 February 1928, Gordon brought in a Bill to amend the law for the regulation of lunatic asylums. In June 1827, Robert Gordon brought to the attention of the House of Commons the state of pauper lunatics, which led to a report issued by an appointed Committee of Inquiry, that revealed failings and cruelties. At this time, the safety of communities came first, and the role of asylums was to protect the public from the mentally ill and to keep the mentally ill secure, leading to abuse and neglect of the patients becoming normality. This was a result of there being little legislation in place to regulate asylums and their treatment of the mentally ill. VowelsLady Emily Cowper, wife of Lord Shaftesbury Following his father’s footsteps, who was MP for Dorchester 1791-1811, and Chairman of Committees in the House of Lords from 1814-1851, Shaftesbury was first elected to Parliament in 1826 as MP for Woodstock, Oxfordshire.Ī serious-minded and ambitious young man, Shaftesbury made his first notable speech supporting a Bill to amend the Lunacy Laws in 1828. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛd(ə)l/ but /ˈpɛdl̩i/. Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. * /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence /ˈpɛtl/ but /ˈpɛtl̩i/.
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